In the cause of Allah

The U.S.-led regional security order that has aimed to intensify Western penetration of the Middle East has faced fierce resistance since the Iranian revolution. The Western powers have carved out different zones of influence. This segmentation has divided and weakened the Islamic world (Mohseni, p-33). The Iranian revolution in 1979 altered alliances and gave birth to new geostrategic and regional security. Iran's anti-U.S. stance and its policies of deterrence against its enemies have challenged the U.S.-led security order. It has helped in strengthening contemporary transnational Shi’a politics. Iran employs conventional and asymmetric deterrence that incorporates support for other states and non-state actors. Iran's deterrence and counter-containment strategies have reinforced and strengthened the Axis of Resistance against the U.S. and its allies in the Middle East. Since the Iranian revolution, the Shia in the larger Middle East have been in one way or another affected by...

Irfan (spiritual elevation) is a science that provides knowledge of the essential reality of things acquired by profound mystical training (self-discipline, self-knowledge, and self-purification). For Ibn Arabi, those who attain Irfan are perfect human beings- such a person is the vice-regent of God on earth. In Shiism, after the Prophet, the Imams are infallible human beings. They are the epitome of Irfaniyat. After the occultation of the twelfth Shia Imam Madhi, the Faqih (Islamic scholar) who practices Irfan and has knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence, philosophy, and theology, is authorized to guide Muslims in their life (Martin, 36). Imam Khomeini propagated political authority based on the theory of wilayat al-faqih (guardianship of the jurist or philosopher kings) (Kara, p-02). Imam Khomeini's concept of Islamic government is based on constitutional government. Islamic government differs from other constitutional governments, where the majority carries out legislation. In an ...