In the cause of Allah

The U.S.-led regional security order, aimed to deepen Western influence in the Middle East, has encountered significant resistance since the Iranian revolution. Various Western powers have established distinct zones of influence, leading to a division that has weakened the Islamic world (Mohseni, p. 33). The Iranian revolution in 1979 transformed alliances and created new geostrategic dynamics and regional security challenges. Iran's opposition to the U.S. and its deterrence policies against perceived enemies have directly challenged the established security order. This resistance has also contributed to the strengthening of transnational Shi’a politics. Iran employs both conventional and asymmetric deterrence strategies, which include support for other states and non-state actors. These strategies have reinforced the Axis of Resistance against the U.S. and its allies in the Middle East. Since the Iranian Revolution, Shia communities throughout the broader Middle East have been aff...

Irfan, or spiritual elevation, is a discipline that imparts knowledge about the essential reality of things through profound mystical training, which includes self-discipline, self-knowledge, and self-purification. For Ibn Arabi, individuals who attain Irfan are considered perfect human beings and act as God's vice-regents on earth. In Shiism, after the Prophet Muhammad, the Imams are seen as infallible human beings and represent the pinnacle of Irfaniyat. Following the occultation of the twelfth Shia Imam, Mahdi, the Faqih (Islamic scholar) who practices Irfan and possesses knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence, philosophy, and theology is authorized to guide Muslims in their lives. (Martin, 36) Imam Khomeini promoted the idea of political authority through the theory of wilayat al-faqih, which translates to the guardianship of the jurist or philosopher-kings (Kara, p. 02). His concept of Islamic government is grounded in constitutional principles. However, Islamic government is dist...